Afectación psicológica de los profesionales sanitarios de la gerencia de emergencias sanitarias de Castilla y León durante la pandemia Covid-19

Objective: To analyze the stress, anxiety and depression levels of the Health Professionals of the Emergency Medical Service (EMS) of Castilla y León during the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as to determine their association with certain factors. Methods: A cross-sectional study was designed. All Health Professionals who were working in the EMS of Castilla y León between 02/01/2021 and 04/30/2021 were included. Their levels of stress, anxiety and depression, assessed using the DASS-21, were the main outcome of the study. Socio-demographic, labor and COVID-19-related variables were also collected and their possible association with the aforementioned psychological variables was studied through univariate and multivariate analysis. Results: EMS Health Professionals obtained a mean score of 19.60 (SD ± 11.14) for stress, 12.30 (SD ± 11.45) for anxiety and 15.14 (SD ± 11.52) for depression. Being a woman was associated with severe and/or extremely severe values of stress (OR 1.861; 95%CI 1.026-3.377), anxiety (OR 3.319; 95%CI 1.696-6.495) and depression (OR 2.334; 95%CI 1.275-4.272); having previously required psychotherapy and/or psychotropic drugs, with severe or extremely severe values of stress (OR 4.762; 95%CI 2.332-9.728) and anxiety (OR 4.059; 95%CI 1.921-8.576); while working as TES, with severe or extremely severe values of anxiety (OR 5.143; 95%CI 2.633-10.049) and depression (OR 2.211; 95%CI 1.220-4.004). Conclusion: EMS Health Professionals of Castilla y León presented medium-high levels of stress, anxiety and depression during the pandemic. There are socio- demographic, labor and COVID-19-related factors that are associated with greater psychological involvement.Objetivo: Analizar los niveles de estrés, ansiedad y depresión de los profesionales sanitarios del Servicio de Emergencias Médicas (SEM) de Castilla y León durante la pandemia por COVID-19, así como determinar su asociación con determinados factores. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo transversal en el que se incluyeron a todos los profesionales sanitarios que entre el 01/02/2021 y el 30/04/2021 se encontraban trabajando en el SEM de Castilla y León. Sus niveles de estrés, ansiedad y depresión, evaluado mediante la escala DASS-21, fueron los resultados principales del estudio. Se recogieron también variables socio-demográficas, laborales y relacionadas con la COVID-19 y se estudió su posible asociación con las variables psicológicas citadas mediante un análisis univariante y multivariante. Resultados: Los profesionales sanitarios del SEM obtuvieron una puntuación media de 19.60 (DE ± 11.14) para estrés, 12.30 (DE ± 11.45) para ansiedad y 15.14 (DE ± 11.52) para depresión. Ser mujer se asoció con valores graves o extremadamente graves de estrés (OR 1.861; IC95% 1.026-3.377), ansiedad (OR 3.319; IC95% 1.696-6.495) y depresión (OR 2.334; IC95% 1.275-4.272); haber precisado psicoterapia y/o psicofármacos previamente, con valores graves o extremadamente graves de estrés (OR 4.762; IC95% 2.332-9.728) y ansiedad (OR 4.059; IC95% 1.921-8.576); mientras que trabajar como TES, con valores graves o extremadamente graves de ansiedad (OR 5.143; IC95% 2.633- 10.049) y depresión (OR 2.211; IC95% 1.220-4.004). Conclusión: Los profesionales sanitarios del SEM de Castilla y León presentaron niveles medios-elevados de estrés, ansiedad y depresión durante la pandemia. Existen factores socio-demográficas, laborales y relacionados con la COVID-19 que se asocian con una mayor afectación psicológica

Factores predictores del retraso prehospitalario en el íctus

El ictus es en una de las principales causas de morbilidad a nivel mundial, siendo el tiempo el factor que mayor influencia va a ejercer en su pronóstico. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue determinar el tiempo empleado por el paciente en acudir al hospital tras el inicio de los síntomas del ictus, identificando posibles factores predictores para recibir una atención precoz. Se diseñó un estudio descriptivo, transversal, retrospectivo, en el que participaron los pacientes ingresados en el Hospital Universitario de Burgos entre el 1 de Septiembre de 2.015 y 31 de Agosto de 2.016, diagnosticados de ictus. Se identificaron factores sociodemográficos, clínicos conductuales, cognitivos, contextuales y emocionales que se relacionaron con un mayor o menor retraso prehospitalario. El inicio gradual de los síntomas, un nivel de ansiedad leve-moderado, el inicio nocturno de los síntomas ó un retraso de decisión mayor de 15 minutos fueron los principales factores que predijeron un mayor retraso prehospitalario

Physical Education Classes as a Precursor to the Mediterranean Diet and the Practice of Physical Activity

Physical activity and a healthy, balanced diet are remaining unresolved issues among young people. According to the World Health Organization, young people do not get enough exercise during the week, and physical education classes are the best way to promote healthy habits. This study aims to analyze how the role of the teacher influences the frustration of psychological needs, coping strategies, motivation, and the adoption of healthy eating habits through the Mediterranean diet and the regular practice of physical activity. The study involved 1031 boys and 910 girls between the ages of 13 and 18. To explain the relationships between the different variables included in this study, a model of structural equations has been developed. The results showed that autonomy support negatively predicted the frustration of four psychological needs. The failure to meet four psychological needs negatively predicted resilience. Likewise, resilience positively predicted autonomous motivation, and this positively predicted the Mediterranean diet and the practice of physical activity. Thus, the results obtained in the present study are in line with those of various studies wherein physical education classes were seen to help consolidate healthy living habits

Reliability and Validity of the Motor Activity Log (MAL-30) Scale for Post-Stroke Patients in a Spanish Sample

The validation of assessment instruments is of great importance when they are applied in clinical and healthcare settings, since their safe and reliable use is essential for the application of appropriate and high-quality treatments. The motor activity log (MAL-30) is an instrument widely used by professionals in the clinic, which has been validated in different countries, languages and populations. The aim of this study was to determine the reliability and validity of the MAL-30 scale for post-stroke patients in a Spanish sample.This research was funded by the CaixaBank Foundation (CAIXA-UBU002)

Influence of the use of Wii games on physical frailty components in institutionalized older adults

Producción CientíficaAging is a multifactorial physiological phenomenon in which cellular and molecular changes occur. These changes lead to poor locomotion, poor balance, and an increased falling risk. This study aimed to determine the impact and effectiveness of the use of the Wii® game console on improving walking speed and balance, as well as its influence on frailty levels and falling risk, in older adults. A longitudinal study was designed with a pretest/post-test structure. The study population comprised people over 75 years of age who lived in a nursing home or attended a day care center (n = 80; 45 women; 84.2 ± 8.7 years). Forty of them were included in the Wii group (20 rehabilitation sessions during 8 consecutive weeks), and the other 40 were in the control group. Falling risk and frailty were evaluated using the Downton scale and Fried scale; balance and walking speed were assessed with the Berg Balance scale and the Gait Speed Test, respectively, as well as the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB). The results showed that there was no significant association between Frailty Phenotype and study groups in baseline. However, there was significant association between Frailty Phenotype and study groups at the end of study. Moreover, a significantly higher and negative percentage change (Δ) in the Wii group with respect to the control group on the in falling risk (−20.05 ± 35.14% vs. 7.92 ± 24.53%) and in walking speed (−6.42 ± 8.83% vs. −0.12 ± 4.51%) during study, while there was a higher and positive significant percent change in static balance (6.07 ± 5.74% vs. 2.13 ± 4.64%) and on the SPPB (20.28 ± 20.05% vs. 0.71 ± 7.99%) after 8 weeks of study. The main conclusion of this study was that the use of the Wii® video console for 8 weeks positively influenced walking speed, falling risk, static balance, and frailty levels in older adults. Through a rehabilitation program with the Wii® game console in the older adults, frailty levels are reduced, accompanied by a reduction in falling risk and an increase in static balance and walking speed

Impact of an intervention with Wii video games on the autonomy of activities of daily living and psychological–cognitive components in the Institutionalized elderly

Producción CientíficaAs people age, the risk of disease increases and deterioration becomes more noticeable. These changes can increase the risk of cognitive impairment, with negative consequences for the quality of life and the ability to perform activities of daily living (ADLs) in older people, which translate into greater dependence and loss of wellness. This study aimed to determine the impact and effectiveness of the use of the Wii® game console (Nintendo Company Limited, Kyoto, Japan) on improving performance of basic and instrumental ADLs, as well as its relationship with cognitive impairment levels and mood in institutionalized older people. A longitudinal study was designed, whose study population consisted of people over 75 years of age who lived in a nursing-home or attended a day care center (n = 80; 45 women). Cognitive status was assessed using Lobo’s Mini-Cognitive Examination (MCE) and Global Deterioration Scale (FAST-GDS), while the psychological assessment used the Dementia Apathy Interview and Rating (DAIR), Yesavage scale for Geriatric Depression (EGD-15), and Goldberg Anxiety and Depression Scale (EADG). Differences from T1 to T2 in the control group (control; n = 40; 23 women; 83.25 ± 8.78 years; 76.35 ± 13.54 kg) and in the experimental group (Wii; n = 40; 22 women; 85.05 ± 8.63 years; 74.60 ± 13.01 kg) were evaluated using a paired Student’s t-test or Wilcoxon’s signed rank test, and a two-way repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) test. Differences in Δ (%) and other tests at T1 and T2 were compared using the independent t-test or Mann–Whitney U test, with the treatment category as a fixed factor. The results showed that the Wii® video console had a positive influence for older people, increasing cognitive status and levels of ADLs, and psychological status. In addition, a positive correlation between performance of ADLs and cognitive status was observed, as well as a negative correlation with the psychological status. Through a rehabilitation program with a Wii® game console in the elderly, depression, anxiety and apathy levels were reduced, accompanied by an increase in memory and attention, as well as in performance of basic and instrumental ADLs

COVID-19 pandemic control measures and their impact on university students and family members in a central region of Spain

Producción CientíficaThe first waves of the COVID-19 pandemic were times of great change in the lives of university students and their families in Spain. The aim of this study was to explore the psychosocial aspects and preventive measures carried out during the COVID-19 pandemic by students and family members of the nursing degree students of the University of Valladolid (Spain). The number of people surveyed was 877, by means of an ad hoc questionnaire. Relationships between variables were established by means of the Chi-square test and Student’s t-test. In addition, multivariate logistic regression was generated. The significance level used was 0.05. Students and family members maintained preventive measures= such as hand washing, correct use of masks =in closed places, avoiding crowds and maintaining social distance, but at low rates (close to 20% in all cases). Regarding psychosocial aspects, 41.07% of the participants suffered from anxiety and loneliness, while 5.2% needed to take drugs to reduce anxiety or sleep and 66.07% were dependent on technology. Suicidal behavior is related to stress, anxiety, loneliness, poor family relationships, psychotropic drug use and technology abuse. The pandemic has caused life changes in university students and their families at the psychosocial level, generating high figures of suicidal ideation regardless of age. Preventive measures adopted to control the pandemic have not been followed for the most part

Ansiedad, depresión y apatía en relación a la situación de fragilidad

This descriptive, transversal research studies the relationship between frailty in institutionalized old people and anxiety, depression and apathy in a 193 old people sample institutionalized in four old people’s homes.Frailty is measured with Short Physical Performance Battery; anxiety and depression with Goldberg scale; and apathy with Dementhia Apathy Interview and Rating.It is about a descriptive and transversal research that does not make any intervention on people participating and aims to establish if there is or there is not a relationship between variables, but not a causality relationship.It is shown that the three variables correlate with total punctuation in frailty scale and with all its subscales; so that, a higher frailty and/or dependency, corresponds to higher levels of anxiety, depression and apathy.There are also significant differences between frail and prefrail people groups in relation to apathy; and between dependent and prefrail groups in relation to anxiety and depression.Esta investigación descriptiva transversal estudia la relación de la situación de fragilidad en adultos mayores institucionalizados y la ansiedad, depresión y apatía en los mismos con una muestra de 193 personas mayores institucionalizadas en cuatro residencias para personas mayores.La fragilidad se mide con la herramienta Short Physical Performance Battery; la ansiedad y la depresión con la escala Goldberg; y la apatía con la escala Dementhia Apathy Interview and Rating.Se trata de un estudio transversal y descriptivo que no realiza ningún tipo de intervención sobre las personas participantes y pretende establecer si existe o no relación entre las variables, pero no una relación de causalidad entre ellas.Se observa que las tres variables correlacionan con la puntuación total de la escala de fragilidad y con cada una de sus subescalas; de manera que, a mayor situación de fragilidad y/o dependencia, mayores niveles de ansiedad, depresión y apatía.Aparecen además diferencias significativas entre el grupo de personas frágiles y prefrágiles en lo referente a la apatía; y entre los grupos dependiente y prefrágil en relación a la ansiedad y la depresión

The ISJ 3D brace, a providence brace evolution, as a surgery prevention method in idiopathic scoliosis

Producción CientíficaBackground: The high incidence of idiopathic scoliosis worldwide as well as the serious health problems it can cause in adulthood, make it necessary to seek effective treatments to prevent the progression of the disease to more aggressive treatments such as surgery and improve patients’ quality of life. The use of night braces, besides a less severe influence on the patient’s quality of life, is effective in stopping the progression of the curve in idiopathic scoliosis. Methods: A longitudinal study was performed with an experimental population of 108 participants who attended orthotic treatment at the University Hospital of Barcelona, with ages between 4 and 15 years old, with a main curvature greater than 25 degrees and a Risser between 0 and 3. The participants received treatment with Providence ISJ-3D night braces until their pubertal change (mean duration of 2.78 years for males and 1.97 years for females). Results: The implementation of night-time orthotic treatment in children with idiopathic scoliosis is effective in slowing the progression of the curve and in the prevention of more aggressive treatments such as surgery, maintaining the patient’s quality of life. Conclusions: The use of night braces is efficacious in the treatment of idiopathic scoliosis, although new studies including more sociodemographic data as well as curves from 20 degrees of progression are necessary

Disfagia y trastornos de la conducta alimenticia en la persona con demencia: protocolo de actuación

Objective: To develop a protocol in thecare of patients with advanced dementiaand feed problems,according to thescientific evidence. Method: A systematic review was carried out, consulting CUIDEN, EMBASE, MEDLINE, SCIELO, HEALTH GUIDE and NHS databases as well as protocols of Scientific Societies and Health Centers. The DeCs and MeSH terms related to the objective of the study were used. Studies published in English or Spanish were selected, since 2000, which assessed dysphagia and eating disorders in the person with dementia, with at least the summary available. Results: Nine studies were selected, whose results allowed to develop an action protocol in patients with advanced dementia and feed problems. In the protocol obtained, any intervention in this type of patients should be based on the previous comprehensive geriatric and nutritional assessment. Conclusion: The implementation of the dysphagia and eating disorders protocol in patients with advanced dementia improves their clinical and nutritional status.Objetivo: Desarrollar un protocolo de actuación en la atención a pacientes con demencia avanzada que presentan problemas de alimentación, según la evidencia científica existente. Método: Se realizó una revisión sistemática, consultando las bases de datos CUIDEN, EMBASE, MEDLINE, SCIELO, GUIA SALUD y NHS así como de protocolos de Sociedades Científicas y Centros Sanitarios. Se usaron los DeCs y MeSH adecuados al objetivo del estudio. Se seleccionaron los trabajos, publicados en inglés o castellano, desde el año 2000, que en sus resultados valorasela disfagia y los trastornos alimenticios en la persona con demencia, con al menos el resumen disponible. Resultados: Se seleccionaron 9 trabajos cuyos resultados permitieron desarrollar un protocolo de actuación en pacientes con demencia avanzada y problemas de alimentación. En el protocolo obtenido, toda intervención en estos pacientes debería fundamentarse en la previa realización de una valoración geriátrica integral y de una valoración nutricional. Conclusión: La implantación de un protocolo de actuación en la disfagia y trastornos de la conducta alimenticia en la persona con demencia avanzada mejora su situación clínica y nutricional